Discomfort In Front Of Neck

When you want we can

Energy savings Valophis for residents.

The federation has long focused on the energy strategy is a winning solution for landlords and residents.

Until when will you it is Habitat Kremlin persuaded of the merits of our suggestions.

Note that the same reasoning applies to a real strategy for water and maintenance, we repeat tirelessly for almost five years now.

Shark Steam Cleaner On Hardwood Floors

Singer is it's own rights? The

The acquisition of new behavior is not unique to the human race, everyone now agrees as evidence of acculturation abound in the animal kingdom (see eg examples in this post ). Yet this finding poses a puzzle: why this "culture" animal would it remained as rudimentary animals as intelligent as apes, dolphins or ravens?

bird flies!
The last book of Michel de Pracontal (Kaluchua) is a good starting point for this issue, even if to defend the idea of animal culture caricature sometimes it prudent at this point some evolutionists. Take for example this incredible story of tits Swaythling (southern England): One morning in 1927 a tit a little more gifted than others discovered how to peck the milk of Swaythlinguiens (?), piercing the capsule bottles that filed the morning on their doorstep. This form of avian racket has spread throughout the city and in the nearby city and eventually won the country step by step, like an epidemic. She remained in service until 1949, when the system changed from closed bottles.

The only chance could explain such a spread of a new behavior, it was tempting to assume that the birds were passing the combines in one way or another. Pracontal sees this as the first discovery of a evolution "cultural" in the animal world, because "the tits have not changed for hundreds of thousands of years to become specialists in the opening of milk bottles. Furthermore, the process of decapping observed [which can vary depending on the type of encapsulation] does not fit the stereotyped sequence that characterizes the instinctive action. " The argument seems a bit light. First, to my knowledge no biologist takes birds or mammals for robots unable to adapt their behavior to novelty. Moreover, to assert that we are dealing with a phenomenon truly "cultural" in the tits, should prove that they are transmitted this practice from one to another. Now we can consider other explanations for this upsurge cheap milk.

Culture or prominence of a stimulus?
imagine such a tit scrounging, sated after so much feasting, leaving behind an open bottle. One second chickadee arrived to record untouched. "Yum! Milk in the bottle! "Motivated by this first experience, our chickadee is attempted to address all the full bottles she finds on her way and has a good chance of finding any single drill as their capsule. In this scenario the tits do not copy each other, they rediscover each the same practice by themselves, because the environment that promotes learning in the chain. In the 1980s, British researchers have experienced laboratory and showed that such a scenario is quite the road. We must therefore look elsewhere for convincing examples of true transmission cultural animals.

Ya good salted potatoes!

Could we have better luck with our cousins the apes? The island of Koshima in Japan hosts a colony of monkeys that researchers study and eat with potatoes since the 60s. One day, a female discovered by chance that the potatoes had better taste when they are immersed in sea water before eating. This practice has slowly diffused into the colony and continues until today. These are children who engage in such behavior in contact with their mother because adults are much most resistant to change (like yours!).

Pracontal sees this as a cultural obvious. But is there really transmitting know-how? Again, lots of researchers are skeptical and prefer a different track: is often near the sea at lunchtime, small monkeys are likely to rediscover their own interest to dip their potatoes in the sea environment promotes parental gradually adopting new behaviors. This learning by "social emulation" to explain Passage why this practice is spreading more slowly than if the animals directly imitating each other.

No accumulation of innovations without imitation ...

emulation, imitation ... one quibbles do you probably. Not really. The hypothesis of learning by social emulation assumes that each animal has to learn everything from scratch and can not learn from what others have already discovered. This scenario excludes any combination of innovative practices. If man had learned to carve the stones that way, that is to say if each individual had to rediscover the art itself in contact with its congeners, it would not go very far. In this configuration, because if someone found a way to improve this technique it would have had no way to pass this innovation to their peers. It's obviously much easier if the learning occurs through imitation of the details of the act of another. Imitation is the only way to access a cumulative evolution of behavior. The debate on the ability to imitate is not at all a battle over the sex of angels, is at the heart of what we could distinguish them from other animals.

Monkeys ape them?

Let us return to our sheep, or rather our rats. In 2006, a clever experiment finally seems to indicate that rats know imitate them:

Source: Carlier & Jamon, Observational Learning in C57BL/6J Mice (2006)

Paradoxically, this result has been more difficult to be detected in monkeys. In a famous article written in 1990, Italian researchers reported that capuchin monkeys do not know how to reproduce a sequence of actions they observe to get a reward. This statement ready yet controversial. On the one hand, the laboratory experiment on monkeys has its limitations:

- the animals are adults, so perhaps less likely to learn that young

- captivity is not probably not the best environment for learning.

- the demonstrator is a human and not a parent of a pet monkey supposed imitate.

On the other hand, other experiments led to the opposite always with capuchin monkeys.

In capuchins also the leader is always right!

Two dominant males were trained to operate a food dispenser, each by a different method (either by sliding or lifting a lever). We then replaced them with distributors within the clan. Within each clan other capuchins quickly learned to use the dispenser, but while most found the second method of operation, the vast majority just use the same method as the head (any similarity with humans ...)

Source: Dindo & Al (2009)

customs and lifestyle of chimpanzees

With this great example of cultural conformity, reproduced successfully on chimpanzees, we would finally start long sought evidence that monkeys imitate them know. In reality, those who study animals in the field rather than laboratory have known for a long time. As recalled Pracontal, the comparison between the habits of chimpanzees in Tanzania and Guinea (mapping of the left source pdf) is telling: "A Bossou, Guinea when two adult females occur after been separated for some time, they are mutually genital touch. It's not sexual, it is a form of greeting, but it is specific to this site and did not practice at Mahale [Tanzania]. A Bossou to attract a female, a male pat on a branch with his heel, which produces a hit. At Mahale, the gesture is different, made with the sole (...) At Mahale, the power is removed with a leaf. At Taï, chimpanzees used his index and overwrites the parasite on his forearm and not his hand [as at Bossou]. These behaviors that we underestimated the importance is much more common as technological inventions that have taken center stage animal cultures. According to Nakamura and Nishida, these small gestures are the cement cultural group. Their subtle changes have no functional utility, but they define the identity of group. And demonstrate its unique history. "

This observation raises a question that does not Pracontal: why in these conditions cultural behavior of chimpanzees have they stayed so frustrated? Why are these monkeys also show an extraordinary intelligence have they failed to accumulate innovations, sophisticated in their rituals?

limits of imitation in chimpanzees

Nobody really clear answer to this question but it still seems that the capacity for imitation chimpanzees is both more limited and less used than humans. For example, in experience of 1993 it was shown captive chimpanzees how to retrieve food from outside their cage with a rake with the teeth facing up . Chimpanzees have tried to use the rake but not necessarily in the right direction, while young children are reached easily from the age of two years. Chimpanzees thus appear capable of observing a model, to link an object, movement and a result - this would explain the results obtained with the Capuchins, but they have more difficulty in imitating the exact details of the action when it is more difficult. In other words they focus on profit rather than on the process.

This limit is dramatically demonstrated in an experiment to fame: it shows a chimpanzee (or a young child) how to get out a reward of a box (either opaque or transparent) by all kinds of actions on the box, some useful and others not.

- When the box is opaque, one can not distinguish which actions are useful or not. Chimpanzees remake the complete sequence of actions to obtain reward, as well as humans. Proof once again that the chimpanzee known observational imitate simple movements.

- By cons, when the box is transparent and you see what actions are manifestly unnecessary, children remake anyway all the shares of the adult model, whereas chimpanzees skip unnecessary steps.

Upon s think nt understand how it works, the chimpanzee s s s ceases to imitate the process with accuracy and s research nt the solution their own s . He favors s nt naturally social learning through emulation. Children, however, attach more importance to the intentions and methods and spontaneously imitate their model. It seems extraordinary that rationality in this experiment either side of the animal rather than human, but in this case irrationality human seems at the heart of our ability to innovate, to earn the cultural changes and complicated rites. Copy "stupidly" Is it proper to man and the condition of his extraordinary creativity?

Sources:

Michel Pracontal "Kaluchua" (2010)

The course of comparative cognition Roland Maurer (University of Geneva, pdf )

Cultural evolution , the excellent course at the University Sussex

Related posts:

Darwin reloaded 3 : a first post on the habits and customs animal

Culture and Nature: The Return of Lamarck

Dogs Butt Is Red And Inflamed

Price ICART 2011 / Espace Pierre Cardin / Matthew Crimersmois

"A visual and turntablist, Matthew Crimersmois report is part of a plastic sound. His raised his modified or created, he chose the vinyl as the basis of his explorations. He considers the reliefs, the plasticity, the physical properties of materials.

He often uses thermoforming to translate skin flake vinyl protects the vacuum left by an absent body. The LP modeling approaches as a sounding board carrying a simple setting abyss by the return to fantasize about what could determine its contents inviolate. "

Sandra Černjul

http://www.prix-icart. com /

vinyl sculptures

Title: Black Jacket

Records / scale 1

Title: The Bayeux

Records / Scales 1

Title: Trafficker

Records / Scale 1

Model: Karine

Nicco Title: Catsuit

Phonograph on silicone

A big thank you to Karin Nicco (model choice)

Brahim Ibrahimi, Lorraine-Mas and Poux organizers Price Icart.

How To Transfer Music From Vuze To Itunes

powerpointisation minds? If general relativity

PowerPoint annoys me, but I feel less alone now since I read "Thinking PowerPoint. Author Franck Fremes there methodically dismantles the reasons and dangers of his enormous success in all sectors of society, from school to the army. And it's true that making a presentation in public without his slides now gives the impression of not having prepared his subject. Even to talk face to face on a background that is more serious to make slides. The ppt was definitely denigrate the executive summary in one page, which was ten years ago the ultimate in synthetic material. If you work in business, you may have noticed also that the word processor is a tool endangered, except for drafting legal documents or press releases. Word KO'd by PowerPoint, which had said there are more than twenty years, when the first version of the software was placing on the market?

This success is not difficult to understand according to shudder: it's still easier to wipe a presentation quickly than taking the time to write a note. Especially since this software has an impressive ability to reduce the surface area of the document, with nothing but the format of slides horizontally. This constraint is irrelevant for presentations very simple, but imagine what would be a court decision or argument whether it should be written in PowerPoint. Yet this tool is used to treat absolutely everything. The commission of inquiry into the explosion Shuttle Columbia in 2003 (whose report is available in pdf ), for example, was "surprised to receive the slides from NASA, rather than technical reports. She [held] that the endemic abuse of briefs in the form of PowerPoint slides instead of technical notes illustrates the methodological problems of NASA's technical communication. "(P191) I would not be surprised that the overuse of PowerPoint is partly responsible for some serious issues in recent industrial ADP, SNCF or elsewhere ...

A format that supports arguments cans
The danger is even larger than the structure of the presentation subtly affects the strength of the argument. "The medium is the message" McLuhan's assertion that never have been as obvious as the format of slides influence both how to design them and how they are perceived. Fremes note that the list of bullet-points, which is the default format, gives the illusion of an exhaustive list of factors to take into account that are linked together without binding. And since there is no word of transition from one line to another, the logic of the sequence seems obvious until the final conclusion. The same no logical transition from one slide to another reinforces the overall impression of a logical environment, perfectly controlled. The sequential form of bullet-point slides and also lends itself poorly to digressions, the nuances, to the reserves. The "sub-levels' lists are perfect to illustrate an idea but very poorly suited to address an objection or raise a reserve. PowerPoint format seems designed to sell a bias maintaining the appearance of complete objectivity. The ideal tool for consulting firms that gave him his credentials.

If still critical points his nose, PowerPoint offers arguments unstoppable, thanks to the ambivalent status of the slides, both carriers of the oral presentation and final document presented to the audience, which protects the author of all reviews. Some arguments are weak or ambiguous? This is normal: the slides have no value unless accompanied by oral explanation of the author. The slides are too many open doors and break? That is the stand is "self-sufficient" and understood by those who could not attend the oral presentation.

syntax
The Newspeak and political correctness can also help to prevent any criticism. Just follow a few simple rules:
- Turn your verbs in the infinitive, not the imperative. It's colder and it is for everybody and nobody at the time. Or better: replace the verbs with names, it's even more impersonal. Do not say "We're on schedule," say instead "On schedule" (or better: "we TTM-track!)
- The use of the indefinite article gives some respectability to a balance sheet, Extrapolating the findings without actually announce color (a "hot market" "Competition on", "interesting opportunities" etc.) The generality is made sufficiently implied not to be vulnerable to criticism.
- Banish negative words or too many critics who could betray your subjectivity. The results are not "bad" but "mixed" (when it's yours, or they may be "disappointing"). Do not criticize, just to note the "points of improvement."
- Unlike you drop it on the positive words: mobilize, energize, maximize, leverage! Your project is always a "revolution" your reform "major" change "radical" and so on. Who could blame you for your energy and enthusiasm?
- Use the buzzwords in the business. In general many acronyms (inevitably must be short!) And a few words of newspeak in vogue do the trick.
As well said Rafi Haladjian (p9 its book on the subject): "PowerPoint is a magical tool. It can give the illusion of a perfect mastery of the world. It allows to stage an environment sequential, ordered, two-dimensional, one-sided. A comfortable and reassuring world where one can enumerate things, identify, bring them within the templates (in French: masks) of thought. With PowerPoint, you can scan the uncertainty under the carpet. "Above all, do not show that we know nothing. Pretend to know where we go, we have things well in hand. "Everything can be resolved by a relentless linear logic. Everything can be counted, organized, framed, bullet through the lists. Everything is soluble in PowerPoint. At school we learned to make a plan before writing an essay. Today we no longer the plan. Good thing when you are dry of ideas. Running out of time to write a text or true (like everyone else) you do not write: make PowerPoint instead of Word. Instead of arguing, you just have to pile up, identify, bullet-list and put the verbs in the infinitive (to build, discover, develop, win) or noun phrases. "
Language Wood ready PowerPoint little open to criticism front. In return, it rarely arouses membership. Fremes note that these presentations are generally received with indifference and coldness, and they have more and more difficult to communicate a vision a momentum. By dint of seeing announce tomorrows with the same words, the public grows weary and no longer believes necessarily. I suspect that the crisis of confidence among employees to large corporations employing them comes partly from this indigestion PowerPoint unkept promises year after year, in sharp contrast with the experience of each.

The preponderance of form over substance? Finally
of all grievances that are made in PowerPoint, the sophistication of the effects is probably the one that bothers me the least. The inventor of the tool, Robert Gaskins regrets the abuse of decorum in presentations by him that would eventually distracted by the presenter and his audience of about distracting. Personally I have rarely had the opportunity to be "distracted" by a too brilliant presentation, apart from a few spectacular presentations at public conferences of the type ASD. On the contrary! I am rather struck by the appalling lack of originality in the slides that I see go all day long, always with the same formats or always the same illustrations. In all fairness, I do not shine myself through my creativity powerpointesque ... Instead of stimulating the imagination and creativity, this software has finally leveled All presentations from the bottom. If one is counting, it has undermined both the creativity, methodological rigor, critical thinking and morale of employees of large companies. Should he temporarily suspend the use on behalf of the precautionary principle? With that, I leave you I have a near 'to finish for tomorrow ...

Related posts:
When will the non-effective communication ? On another scourge of corporate life: the mail!
Golden Rules of Successful manager ground rules for the use of cynical enterprise

Sources:
Franck Fromer " Thought PowerPoint survey software that makes this stupid "(2010)
Rafi Haladjian," Become a handsome, rich and intelligent, with PowerPoint, Excel and Word "(pdf )
The NYT article " We Have is The enemy and He Is PowerPoint "(April 2010)
R Gaskins: PowerPoint at 20: back to basics (pdf )

Getting An Alias For Deed Poll In Singapore

GREETING THE PRESIDENT

11 Month Old With Swollen Gums

Could Talk ...

Science et Vie Junior dedicates this month an article about some strange phenomena due to relativity . A very good exercise pedagogy that we can prove without equations and with thought experiments to explain the funny idea of a theory yet complicated. I can resist not happy to tell the story to my sauce.

First step: landing or not? The equivalence between gravity and acceleration
Bob is an intergalactic astronaut sent on a mission to explore its mysterious planet Zorglub. To spare him the trouble of a long journey, he was asleep after taking off for several years. But following a breakdown somewhere, Bob wakes up before arriving. Or so he assumes everything is as black in the cockpit. The windows are closed, the measuring apparatus extinguished and there was a profound silence. What's going on? Has he arrived? Bob stands, poses one foot down and realize that instead of floating in the cabin can stand on the floor of the rocket. His brain begins to fuel up: "Would you ever Zorglub on which I feel the effect of gravity? Unless this is simply the effect of the acceleration of the rocket? Impossible to know because I don ' have no evidence outside: the engines are quiet and hide windows closed! "

Interlude1 : it is through this thought experiment that Einstein says he had a better idea of his life (with a lift because the rockets did not exist at the time). You have learned Second class of an object in a gravitational field g is subjected to a force equal to its mass times its acceleration a. Ie a = g, we can not differentiate an acceleration of a gravity field. It would not be the same if our object was subjected to another kind of strength, electrical, magnetic or other because the force of gravity is the only one that depends directly on the body. The equivalence between acceleration and gravity explains the confusion of our friend Bob without external index it is incapable of knowing if it is placed on the ground of a planet or if the vessel is in full acceleration. The genius of Einstein is to have extended this equivalence to all the laws of physics. He postulated that they all behaved the same way, whether you are subject to gravity or speeding up in the middle of space. But continuing the adventures of Bob ...

Second step: the light deflected by gravitation?
Groping, Bob tries to open the windows to hide and watch what happens outside. Damned is blocked! Bob tries to make a hole in it with his knife but he only succeeded in drilling a tiny notch. A thin ray of light enters the vessel. "Phew!" He said, looking closely the trajectory of the light I'll finally know whether or not I am arrested:
- if I'm lying on the floor of a planet, the ray of light inside my ship will draw a perfectly straight line.
- if for cons, I am trying to accelerate, the radius draw a (very) small satellite dish in my ship. "

The reasoning of Bob (who does not read Science et Vie Junior!)

Wrong, completely untrue! say Einstein equivalence principle which postulates that all laws of physics must be identical, which is subject to gravity or a acceleration. According to him, the path of a light beam to be deflected by gravity just as it would be if the rocket accelerates! We can tell Bob to stop trying to measure the curvature of the light in his rocket, it does not give him any information about his situation.

Interlude2: As crazy as it sounds, the more massive a planet is, the more it bends the path of light rays passing close to exactly as superheated air from the soil deflects the light and causes mirages water in the desert. There is a difference between the two situations. In air, the speed of light varies with temperature, it is understandable therefore that a ray of light, the fastest route between two points is curved. Conversely, the speed of light is always the same in a vacuum. Why in the conditions the shortest optical path between two points is curved? The only possible explanation is that a field of gravity warps space itself, as if asking a ball in the middle of a sheet held by its four corners. In such curved spaces, the straight line is not necessarily the shortest path between two points and it is possible that the trajectory of light is curved. As described in the excellent blog Science amazing, the deflection of light in the vicinity of very massive galaxies may even cause some impressive astronomical mirage: the famous Einstein Cross and four stars ghosts or what would see if a black hole was between us and a galaxy (source: Wikipedia )

Third step: the time passes more quickly without gravity
Bob is desperate. It's been several hours he tries to whether or not it is put on the damn planet. Communication with Earth is almost HS: Bob can only send signals in Morse spend Beep Beep Beep ... Not practical for cause, but perhaps is it enough? Bob is the following reasoning. Foo is almost stationary relative to Earth. If it is placed on it, time will flow at his watch at the same rate as on Earth: one minute at his watch exactly correspond to one minute in Houston. If cons, his ship is moving relative to Earth, one minute at his watch will be more than 60 seconds on Earth: it is the laws of relativity, which asserts. "So he told himself, just as I do transmit the ticking of my watch by radio to Earth as they know if I'm moving or resting on Zorglub. They will find out a way to send me the info ... "

Interlude 3: For those interested here is a simple explanation of the phenomenon of time dilation (borrowed from the blog of Alexandre Moatti ) . Readers eager to go directly to the next paragraph without touching 000F 20.
Instead of a clock, reason about the time it takes for a light beam to traverse the space ship in both directions. If the rocket is moving relative to Earth, Bob located inside of the rocket measure a shorter one observer that times this phenomenon from the Earth:

is one of the results the most paradoxical of relativity, a clock that moves seems slow for a stationary observer. Langevin drew a famous paradox: if you send someone flying through space at high speed, it will return to Earth by being younger than his twin brother remained on the spot!

Unfortunately for Bob, his ploy is still doomed for he comes again to forget the equivalence principle of Einstein. The laws of physics are the same in situations of gravity and acceleration situation. Bob's watch, as seen from Earth, appear to slow in all cases, it is placed on a planet or in full acceleration. In other words the gravity also slows the time! The only possibility left for Bob to know where he is in his space odyssey is to open a door and find a reference outside.

These phenomena of time dilation were often highlighted with clocks high precision embedded in jets. But last September, the American physicist James Chou highlighted the effect of gravity on time without moving his lab. As gravity decreases with altitude, he was able to compare the rate of two ultra-precise clocks arranged at different heights of 30cm only. And as predicted by general relativity, the highest of the two has a small lead over the lowest.

Conclusion: move, shake, wiggle! It will keep you young (a tad) longer. As we get older cons bizarrely in his head faster than her legs. Certainly not by much: after 79 years, our head is older than 83 billionths of a second that our feet. Not enough to become a sloth for so little!

source here

Sources: Science et Vie Junior, in January 2011 which are based computer graphics.

Related posts:
The principle of least action, a jewel of physics
relativity light without light : how to find the equations of special relativity with no symmetry considerations and without postulating invariance of light.